Which of the following is NOT one of the three E's of crash reduction?

• A. Education
• B. Emergency Response
• C. Engineering
• D. Enforcement

Answer: (B)

The three E's of crash reduction are Engineering, Education, and Enforcement. These are preventive strategies aimed at reducing crashes before they happen: engineering improves road design and safety features, education raises driver awareness and behavior, and enforcement deters risky driving through law enforcement. Emergency Response is not part of those three because it focuses on what happens after a crash occurs—rapid incident management, medical care, and scene clearance—rather than preventing crashes in the first place. Keeping this distinction helps you see how safety programs target different stages: the first three reduce crash frequency, while emergency response reduces the harm and time lost after a crash.